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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluss (Physik)</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Als <b>Fluss</b> werden verschiedene <a href="Physikalische_Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" title="Physikalische Größe">physikalische Größen</a> bezeichnet, die sich als Produkt eines <a href="Feld_(Physik)" title="Feld (Physik)">Feldes</a> und einer Fläche ergeben. Das übliche Formelzeichen für diese Größen ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi }">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aed80a2011a3912b028ba32a52dfa57165455f24.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span> (großes Phi).
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mögliche_Flussgrößen"><span id="M.C3.B6gliche_Flussgr.C3.B6.C3.9Fen"></span>Mögliche Flussgrößen</h2></div>
<p>Es sei
</p>
<ul><li>die <a href="Flussdichte" title="Flussdichte">Flussdichte</a> ein <a href="Skalar_(Mathematik)" title="Skalar (Mathematik)">skalares</a> Feld <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ef40edff397a115ecdce7d3518001dfcc7f37d9e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.771ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {A}}}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/391292ffadc65b0cde3e96f23afcdb811619dd95.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die betrachtete Fläche (der Flächeninhalt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
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<mi>A</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" loading="lazy"></span> multipliziert mit dem <a href="Normaleneinheitsvektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Normaleneinheitsvektor">Normaleneinheitsvektor</a> der Fläche).</li></ul>
<p>Dann können drei Flussgrößen gebildet werden:
</p>
<ul><li>skalarer Fluss eines Vektorfeldes (s.&nbsp;auch unten):</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi =\int {\vec {F}}\cdot \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi =\int {\vec {F}}\cdot \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/25b0588c0a3cb7e19f479d89f2aadbd2dae066fb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:13.843ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi =\int {\vec {F}}\cdot \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul><li>Vektorfluss eines skalaren Feldes:</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\Phi }}=\int F\cdot \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\Phi }}=\int F\cdot \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1e64eee56205430fe6c38dbca727d1a505c55201.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:13.813ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\Phi }}=\int F\cdot \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul><li>Vektorfluss eines Vektorfeldes:</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\Phi }}=\int {\vec {F}}\times \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\Phi }}=\int {\vec {F}}\times \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f3c39ab9336c5251c044b326a9e2ce43fd03ea34.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:15.004ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\Phi }}=\int {\vec {F}}\times \mathrm {d} {\vec {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skalarer_Fluss_eines_Vektorfeldes">Skalarer Fluss eines Vektorfeldes</h2></div>

<p>Praktisch wichtig ist vor allem der skalare Fluss eines Vektorfeldes, das <a href="Skalarprodukt" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukt</a> aus Vektorfeld und Fläche. Auch dieser Fluss wird, obwohl er eine skalare Größe ist, in der Literatur manchmal <i>Vektorfluss</i> genannt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ist das Vektorfeld <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ef40edff397a115ecdce7d3518001dfcc7f37d9e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.771ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}" loading="lazy"></span> (d.&nbsp;h. die Flussdichte) über die Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
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<mi>A</mi>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" loading="lazy"></span> konstant, so geht das <a href="Integral" class="mw-redirect" title="Integral">Integral</a> in das <a href="Skalarprodukt" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukt</a> über:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi ={\vec {F}}\cdot {\vec {A}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi ={\vec {F}}\cdot {\vec {A}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4d7b2cc4ef4ad1a97adbb1b25588fa2dc6865999.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi ={\vec {F}}\cdot {\vec {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Wichtige skalare Flüsse von Vektorfeldern sind beispielsweise der <a href="Volumenstrom" title="Volumenstrom">Volumenstrom</a>, der <a href="Magnetischer_Fluss" title="Magnetischer Fluss">magnetische Fluss</a> und der <a href="Elektrischer_Fluss" title="Elektrischer Fluss">elektrische Fluss</a>.
</p><p>Magnetische <b>Flussflächen</b> spielen eine Rolle in der <a href="Plasmaphysik" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasmaphysik">Plasmaphysik</a> der <a href="Fusionsreaktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusionsreaktor">Fusionsreaktoren</a> (siehe <a href="Rotationstransformation" title="Rotationstransformation">Rotationstransformation</a>). Eine Flussfläche ist dadurch charakterisiert, dass der Fluss durch jedes ihrer Flächenelemente null ist. Die <a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektoren</a> liegen also parallel zu ihr. Oft werden ineinandergeschachtelte Flussflächen betrachtet, die ausgehend von der größten Flussdichte einen immer größeren Teil des Flusses einhüllen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Kontinuit%C3%A4tsgleichung" title="Kontinuitätsgleichung">Kontinuitätsgleichung</a>, betr. eine spezielle Eigenschaft von Flüssen, die einer <a href="Erhaltungsgr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Erhaltungsgröße">Erhaltungsgröße</a> zugeordnet sind</li>
<li><a href="Elektrische_Stromdichte" title="Elektrische Stromdichte">Elektrische Stromdichte</a>, ein Beispiel für ein Vektorfeld <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}">
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<li><a href="Strom_(Physik)" title="Strom (Physik)">Strom (Physik)</a>, anderes grundlegendes Transportkonzept der Physik</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikibooks"></span></span></div><b><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Vektoranalysis:_Teil_II" class="extiw external" title="b:Vektoranalysis: Teil II">Wikibooks: Vektoranalysis: Teil II</a></b>&nbsp;– zur Rechnung mit Feldgrößen</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Brockhaus Naturwissenschaft und Technik</i>. Band 3. Spektrum Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-7653-1063-8, S. 2082.</span>
</li>
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